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The abbreviations in music are of two kinds, namely, abbreviations of terms relating to musical expression, and the true musical abbreviations by the help of which certain passages, chords, etc., may be notated in a shortened form, to the greater convenience of both composer and performer. Abbreviations of the first kind are like most abbreviations in language; they consist for the most part of the initial letter or first syllable of the word employed—as for instance, ''p'' or ''f'' for the dynamic markings ''piano'' and ''forte'', cresc. for crescendo, ob. for oboe, fag. for bassoon (fagotto). This article is about abbreviations used in music notation. ==Repetition of a single note or chord== The continued repetition of a note or chord is expressed by a stroke or strokes across the stem, or above or below the note if it be a whole note or double whole note. The number of strokes denotes the subdivision of the written note into quarter notes, eighth notes, etc., unless the word tremolo or tremolando is added, in which case the repetition is as rapid as possible, without regard to the exact number of notes played. \relative c'' << \new staff \new staff >> On bowed instruments the rapid reiteration of a single note is easy, but in pianoforte music an octave or chord becomes necessary to produce a tremolo, the manner of writing and performing of which is seen below. \relative c'' << \time 2/4 \new staff g } | s4 } \new staff >> In the abbreviation expressed by strokes, as above, the passage to be abbreviated can of course contain no note of greater length than a quaver, but it is possible also to divide a long note into crotchets, by means of dots placed over it, as below. \relative c'' << \time 4/4 \new staff | c1^\markup | s2 } \new staff >> This is however seldom done, as only a small amount of space is saved. When a long note has to be repeated in the form of triplets or groups of six, the figure 3 or 6 is usually placed over it in addition to the stroke across the stem, and the note is sometimes, though not necessarily, written dotted. \relative c'' << \time 4/4 \new staff c4:8^\markup c2:8^\markup \bar "||" \time 6/4 c4.:8^\markup c4.:8^\markup c4.:16^\markup c4.:16^\markup \bar "||" } \new staff >> 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abbreviation (music)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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